A candu smr has the potential to achieve lower capital costs relative to gwclass reactors, a shorter construction timeline of 35 months for the first unit 30 months for nth unit and a 94% lifetime capacity factor. We also develop a fuel management optimization method based on the physics of discrete onpower refueling. Candu fuel cycle advantages operational reactors nue candu reactor inherent safety features new build reactors afcr future with water coolant dr. The course begins with the general principles of reactor configuration required to maintain a selfsustaining chain reaction. Physics study of candu lattice with coolant void reactivity analysis. The basic operation of the candu design is similar to other nuclear reactors.
Request pdf candu 6 operation postsimulations using the reactor physics codes dragondonjon the operating candu 6 reactors are refueled onpower to compensate for the reactivity loss due to. Physics aspects of a candu nucler reactor macsphere. Qualification of reactor physics toolset for a thorium. Reactor physics of ng candu, presented at the 22nd annual. This chapter provides a toplevel introduction to nuclear reactors and surveys the world reactor situation. Well worth the rather large download sorry about that but it is the best we candu. Girgis fuel and fuel channel thermalmechanical effects, m. Light water reactor coolant system instead of heavy water. The intent is to set the stage for the discussion that will follow where the methods that are used and the reasons for using them will be discussed in more detai1. Manager, reactor core physics branch atomic energy of canada, ltd.
Sodiumcooled fastneutronspectrum liquidmetal reactors lmrs received much attention during the 1960s and 70s when it appeared that their breeding capabilities would soon be needed to supply fissile material to a rapidly expanding nuclear industry. Critoph atomic energy of canada limited, chalk river nuclear laboratories, chalk river, ontario, canada abstract these four lectures are being given at the winter course on nuclear physics at trieste during 1978 february. Introduction to nuclear reactors june 2015 chapter 1 introduction to nuclear reactors prepared by dr. Chapter 12 radiation protection and environmental safety. Lecture notes neutron science and reactor physics nuclear. The safety of ontarios nuclear reactors 1980 by the select committee on ontario hydro affairs ont.
Power reactors ii candu advanced lwrs, gas reactors. Ng candu is based on the standard proven candu design. Advanced fuel candu reactor afcr core physics with high. This is a textbook about candu nuclear reactor and power plant engineering, not just the reactor physics of the core. Nov 07, 2019 how candu reactors differ from light water reactors. Reactor physics plays a key and central role among various disciplines involved in the design and operation of nuclear reactors. Physics study of canada deuterium uranium lattice with coolant.
Heavy water cooled and moderated the only design of heavy water moderated reactor in commercial use is the candu, designed in canada and subsequently exported to several countries. It concludes with some technical details of the proposed advanced candu reactor for comparison with existing commercial candu reactors. The various commercial large power producing reactors are identified and described. Pg 2 outline analysis basis original, current zed2 reactor physics measurements validation of the reactor physics toolset for candu for acr. One ofthe particular cases which we shall consider is. The two candu reactor models developed for the origen2 computer code are fueled. Chapter 3 nuclear processes and neutron physics pdf 1. Physics department, faculty of science, sanaa university, sanaa 72738, yemen abstract.
One key design feature is the way that the cadmium shutoff rods are arranged. Patrick moore bio, pdf 84kb, cofounder of greenpeace, currently chair and chief scientist of. Safety is always a concern when dealing with radioac candu fission reactors are know worldwide for their safety record. Equipment, procedures and qualified staff exist that can satisfy inspection requirements. It is prepared using the multi physics fe software abaqus 2008. The last seven candu reactors have been built on budget and on or ahead of schedule advanced safety features that go above and beyond. It may then become economical in the future to reprocess this plutonium, reducing further more the fuelling costs for candu reactors. The moderator system of candu 6 reactor is separated from the coolant system fig.
Request pdf advanced fuel candu reactor afcr core physics with highburnup recycled uranium and uraniumthorium fuel the candu reactor has flexibility for using alternative fuels, such as. Core meltdowns in candu reactors known facts 1 compiled by g. Candu6 operation postsimulations using the reactor physics. The various levels of physics models used in fuel management are presented in quantitative. Pdf regional overpower protection system analysis for. Other reactor physics measurements nru isotopic depletion and burnup from experimental bundles irradiated in nru.
Acr presentation given to the us nuclear regulatory commission on. Setting the standard for proliferation resistance of. Candu6 operation postsimulations using the reactor. Reactor physics candu owners group pdf free download. Reactor physics aspects of candu reactors international nuclear. The aim of this chapter is to provide the reader with an overview of the nuclear processes that take place in and around a reactor. When it became clear in the 1980s that this was not a realistic expectation. Use of slightly enriched uranium oxide fuel in bundles rather than natural uranium fuel. No need for special borated casks it has few 7 different components. The purpose of the paper is to study the performance of the candu canada deuterium uranium reactor when the. Nuclear reactor physics, second edition gamma explorer.
Kuran vp, advanced fuel candu reactor workshop on advanced reactors, neaoecd paris, france, april 2017. Physics study of candu lattice with coolant void reactivity analysis jinsu park, hyunsuk lee, taewoo tak, ho cheol shin, deokjung lee pii. Reactor physics calculationreactor fuelling simulation program rfsp 8 calculations are performed to obtain flux shapes and channel powers for designbasis cases of the timeaverage core. A three dimensional model is designed for the core of candu reactor. The physics design of the advanced candu reactor request pdf. The name refers to its design power in the 1,000 mwe class, with the baseline around 1,200 mwe. A physical description of candu reactors is given, followed. In particular, candu 6 reactors are equipped with two independent, highly reliable shutdown systems, each of which includes two signals triggering shutdown for. According to proponents, a thorium fuel cycle offers several potential advantages over a uranium fuel cycleincluding much greater abundance of thorium found on earth, superior physical and nuclear fuel properties, and reduced nuclear waste. Boczar, director reactor core technology division presented to us nuclear regulatory commission office of nuclear reactor regulation september 26, 2002. They constitute part of the third weeks lectures in part ii. Development of safety analysis methodology for moderator system.
The design uses heavy water which contains primarily the element deuterium and the main fuel type is uranium. The role ofreactor physics is to calculate flux distributions and provide to the rop code, for each flux shape, 3dpower distribution channelpowers and corresponding detector fluxes rop code selects detector positions andor setpoints which protect the reactor against lors but allow normal operation to proceed. The concepts important to the topic of fuel management are explained. The acronym refers to its deuterium oxide heavy water moderator and its use of originally, natural uranium fuel. Candu, which stands for canada deuterium uranium, is a pressurized heavy water reactor.
Legislature it is not right to say that a catastrophic accident is impossible. Pdf physics study of candu lattice with coolant void. In the following sections the major contributors to intrinsic and extrinsic proliferation resistance of candu reactors will be discussed in more detail. Power reactors i lwrs neutron life cycle chapter 4 eel 7. In this seminar well discuss the nuclear fuel cycle. Request pdf the physics design of the advanced candu reactor aecl has for many years successfully developed, built and serviced a fleet of candu r. Reactor physics mostly associated with start up generic principles with some information specific to bruce b the most vul nerable reactor statestarting up many scramsinthe us occur below 10% power, during power increases, testing, coming out of an outage etc. Weaker absorption of neutrons allows the use of natural uranium 0. Advanced candu reactor 108us03500tbd001, revision 0. It combines features of the existing candu reactors with features of lightwater cooled advanced pressurized water reactors apwr. The rfsp is a threedimensional and twogroup diffusion code typically used for candu reactor physics analysis and fuel management. Searching for a sustainable energy future pdf 51kb by dr.
Candu reactors were first developed in the late 1950s and 1960s by a partnership between atomic energy of canada limited aecl, the hydroelectric power. Griffiths, wimsaecl users manual, atomic energy of canada limited. Genealogy of candu reactors september 2016 chapter 2 genealogy of candu reactors prepared by dr. Delayed neutrons are produced in beta decay of fission products 6 groups of precursors with halflives from. A heat exchanger, also known as a steam generator, transfers the heat to a secondary cooling loop, which powers a steam turbine with an electric generator attached to it for a typical rankine thermodynamic cycle. Kuran vp, advanced fuel candu reactor workshop on advanced reactors. The pickering a nuclear generating station figure 1. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. It was found that the reactor parameters were altered by a negligible. Safety is always a concern when dealing with radioac reactor facility will be exposed to some level of radia candu, which stands for canada deuterium uranium, is a pressurized heavy water reactor. Nuclear reactor nuclear reactor liquidmetal reactors. Bromley reactor and radiation physics branch aecl chalk river laboratories joint ictpiaea workshop on nuclear reaction data for advanced reactor technologies may 2627, 2008. It continues with reactor dynamics in both the critical and subcritical.
Patrick moore bio, pdf 84kb, cofounder of greenpeace, currently chair and chief scientist of greenspirit strategies. The directions and technical development of the candu reactor are described. Aecl, candu 6 technical outline, tdsi105, mississauga, ontario. Subsequently, more general core modelling concepts are presented, including the twostep approach to neutronics calculations. Analysis of candu reactor performance using thorium fuel. Through a sensitivity study of fuel enrichment, type of burnable absorber, and moderator to fuel volume ratio, a design strategy for the candu reactor was. Candu pwr candu candu pwr candu candu pwr pwr pwr candu candu ref. Reactor physics candu owners grouppdf free download.
Fission reactions in the reactor core heat pressurized water in a primary cooling loop. Flux mapping and validation of reactor physics calculations using incore vanadium detectors the candu design is provided with a fluxmapping system to synthesize the 3dimensional flux distribution in the reactor from incore detector readings. Nu, seu, lvrf, dydoped elements candu power reactors physics tests during commissioning incore flux detector measurements during operation thermalpower measurements in some channels burnup of discharged bundles. Candu fuel channel inspection comprehensive requirements for both manufacturing and inservice inspection of candu fuel channel components. The present discussion will describe how the physics analysis is carried out for typical accident scenarios for candu reactors. The book will emphasize theory over other aspects of nuclear science.
While it is true that the reactor is certainly the distinguishing. Candu fuel is much cheaper than light water reactor ffuel uel candu fuelmanufacturing capability can readily be developed by even small ccountries ountries which purchase candu reactors. Figure 1 three pillars of health physics candu stations use experts in health physics, radiation protection, shielding, and environmental safety to ensure that reactor operations comply with canadian regulations in a safe and controlled manner. Boss radiation physics and atmospheric dispersion, l. Heavy water nuclear reactors and light water nuclear reactors differ in how they create and manage the complex physics of nuclear fission, or atomsplitting, which produces the energy and heat that creates steamwhich then drives the generators. Heavy water reactors, hwr candu d 2 o is less effective as a moderator but has much lower neutron cross section.
A nuclear reactor, formerly known as an atomic pile, is a device used to initiate and control a. Candu reactors also use a system of selfpowered detectors for flux mapping. Nuclear reactor physics is the physics of neutron fission chain reacting systems. Thoriumbased nuclear power generation is fueled primarily by the nuclear fission of the isotope uranium233 produced from the fertile element thorium. Figure 2 compares the size of the ng candu core with those for other candu designs. The new methodology used the th physics coupling concept.
The purpose of the paper is to study the performance of the candu canada deuterium uranium reactor when the reactor core is loaded with thorium fuel mixed with plutonium isotopes with ratio 3 and 5%. The candu canada deuterium uranium is a canadian pressurized heavywater reactor design used to generate electric power. This chapter discusses the historical beginnings and evolution of the candu reactor. Reactor physics candu owners group pdf free download candu fuel channel inspection comprehensive requirements for both manufacturing and inservice inspection of candu fuel channel components.
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